Rafflesia are parasitic, rare plants that cannot be artificially cultivated. About 28 species have been described, with 18 believed to occur in Malaysia. Their sizes vary, with the smallest measuring several centimeters and the largest spanning over a meter. In Peninsular Malaysia, local orang asli communities refer to them as bungapakma, using several species for traditional medicine. However, in Sabah, this species is legally protected, and collection is prohibited. Rafflesia buds take months to bloom, lasting less than a week. The flowers emit a scent resembling rotting flesh, attracting flies, their main pollinators. After about five days, the flowers wither and die. The decomposing plants serve as food for rats and other small animals, aiding in seed distribution. Rafflesia seeds can only grow on the roots and vines of lianas (Tetrastigma sp.), hanging vines commonly found in rainforests. Once germinated, the plant develops a cabbage-like bud that expands over time. The entire plant comprises only roots and the flower bud, lacking leaves or stems.
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