Indonesia is known as the emerald of equator that has high values of natural resources although it also has a huge disaster risk. It is because Indonesia is located in the strategic areas, namely: (i) the equator, (ii) ring of fire, and (iii) earth plates of Eurasian, Pacific & Indo Australia. Mining activities of natural resources in tropical region exposes carbon and heavy metals and thus are the main cause of severe local, regional, and global environmental damage. The change of national economic development from extraction to empowerment of natural resource will facilitate shifting paradigm from red & green economic to blue economic concept that more smart, global, focus, and futuristic. Site engineering on critically degraded land through land preparation, soil amendment & biofertilizer could facilitate a better rehabilitation of mining land and have added value on environment, economy, sociocultural and health aspect. Synergism to genetic engineering using fast-growing species (indigenous and exotic) will improve success rate of land rehabilitation. An integrated bio-cycle management for managing land resources (i.e., soil, water, mineral, air, and microclimate) and biological resources (i.e., fauna, flora, and human) is an important strategy for sustainable productivity in protective tropical ecosystems. © 2019 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
View source
